Learn About Home Solar Power Systems

Home solar power generation system:

Components: solar cell set, controller, battery

Power generation principle: photovoltaic power generation

Advantages: small investment, fast construction, small footprint

Core: solar panels

Power generation principle:

Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface to convert light energy directly into electricity. The key component of this technology is the solar cell. Solar cells are connected in series and then encapsulated and protected to form large-area solar cell modules, which are combined with power controllers and other components to form a photovoltaic power generation device. The advantages of photovoltaic power generation are that it is less restricted by geography, because the sun shines on the earth; photovoltaic system also has the advantages of safety and reliability, no noise, low pollution, no need to consume fuel and set up transmission lines to generate power in situ and short construction period. Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to convert solar energy directly into electricity. Regardless of whether it is used independently or grid-connected, photovoltaic power generation system mainly consists of solar panels (modules), controllers and inverters, which are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical parts, therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable and long-lived, easy to install and maintain. Theoretically, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation where power is needed, from spacecraft to household power, from megawatt power plants to toys, photovoltaic power is everywhere. The most basic component of solar photovoltaic power generation is the solar cell (wafer), there are monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon and thin film cells, etc.. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline cells are the most used, while amorphous cells are used in some small systems and calculators for auxiliary power.

Factors to consider：

1. Where is the solar power system used? What is the daylight radiation in the area?

2、 What is the load power of the system?

3、 What is the output voltage of the system, DC or AC?

4、 How many hours per day does the system need to work?

5、 How many days does the system need to supply power continuously if there is no sunlight in rainy weather?

6、 What is the load condition, purely resistive, capacitive or inductive, and what is the starting current?

7、 The number of system requirements？

System Classification：

Solar power systems are divided into off-grid power systems and grid-connected power systems.

1、Off-grid power generation system. Mainly composed of solar modules, controllers, batteries, if you want to supply power to AC loads, you also need to configure AC inverters.

2, Grid-connected power generation system is the direct current generated by the solar modules through the grid-connected inverter into AC power that meets the requirements of the utility grid which is then directly connected to the public grid. Grid-connected power generation systems have centralized large-scale grid-connected power stations are generally national power stations, the main feature is the power generated directly to the grid, the grid unified deployment of power supply to users. However, this kind of power station has large investment, long construction period, large floor space, and is difficult to develop. The decentralized small grid-connected power generation system, especially the PV building integrated power generation system, is the mainstream of grid-connected power generation due to the advantages of small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and strong policy support.

We will discuss, in the next issue, the components of solar power systems.