A Complete Solar Remote Monitoring System Solution
A. What is solar energy
Solar energy, generally referred to as the sun's radiant energy, is generally used in modern times to generate electricity. Since the formation of the Earth, living creatures have lived mainly on the heat and light provided by the sun, and since ancient times humans have also known how to dry objects with sunlight and use it as a method of preserving food, such as making salt and salting fish. But in the fossil fuel reduction, only then the intention to further develop solar energy. Solar energy is used in two ways: passive use (photothermal conversion) and photovoltaic conversion. Solar power is an emerging renewable energy source. Solar energy in a broad sense is the source of many energy sources on earth, such as wind energy, chemical energy, water potential energy, etc. For billions of years, solar energy is the ideal source of inexhaustible energy.
Solar energy is both a primary and a renewable source of energy. It is resourceful, free to use, and requires no transportation and no pollution to the environment. It has created a new form of life for mankind, enabling society and mankind to enter an era of energy conservation and pollution reduction.
B.The Solar Power System Composition
The solar power system consists of solar cell set, solar controller, and battery (set). If the output power is 220V or 110V AC and is complementary to the utility, an inverter and a utility smart switcher are required.
1、Solar cell array that is solar panel
This is the most central part of the solar photovoltaic power generation system, its main role is to convert solar photons into electricity, thus promoting the work of the load. Solar cells are divided into monocrystalline silicon too cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells. Because monocrystalline silicon cells are more durable than the other two types, long service life (generally up to 20 years), high photoelectric conversion efficiency, resulting in it becoming the most commonly used battery.
2、Solar charge controller
Its main job is to control the state of the whole system, and at the same time to protect the battery from overcharging and overdischarging. It also has a temperature compensation function in places where the temperature is particularly low.
3、Solar deep cycle battery pack
The battery, as the name implies, is the storage of electricity, which mainly stores the electrical energy converted from solar panels, generally lead-acid batteries, which can be recycled many times.
In the whole monitoring system. Some equipment needs to provide 220V, 110V AC power, and the direct output of solar energy is generally 1 2VDc, 24VDc, 48VDc. So in order to be able to provide power to 22VAC, 11OVAc equipment, the DC/AC inverter must be added to the system to convert the DC energy generated in the solar PV power system into AC energy.
C. The Principle Of Solar Power Generation
The simplest principle of solar power is what we call a chemical reaction, i.e. the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. This conversion process is the process of solar radiation photons through the semiconductor material into electrical energy, usually called the "photovoltaic effect", solar cells are made using this effect.
We know that when the sunlight shines on the semiconductor, part of the photons are reflected off the surface, the rest is either absorbed by the semiconductor or transmitted by the semiconductor, which is absorbed by the photons, of course, some become hot, and some photons are collided with the atomic valence electrons of the semiconductor, so that a hole pair of electrons is produced. In this way, the sun's energy to produce electron-hole pairs in the form of transformed into electrical energy, and then through the semiconductor internal electric field reaction, to produce a certain current, if a piece of the battery semiconductor connected in various ways to form multiple current voltage, so as to output power.
D. The Application Of Solar Energy
1、Disadvantages of traditional power supply
Solar power generation and solar power supply technology is increasingly into the civilian applications of the occasion. In the forest, roads, rivers, mountains and rivers and other communication or audio and video electronic equipment applications, mainly take the grid power supply and battery power supply, battery power can often only solve the temporary needs, can not be used as a long-term power supply; and take the grid power supply method there are many disadvantages: a. power supply for the cable transmission, engineering difficulties, high cost
a.The power supply method for cable transmission, engineering construction difficulties, high cost.
b. System maintenance inconvenience, high-voltage transmission there are security risks, high operating costs.
c. Difficulty in installation and networking.
2、The advantages of solar power supply
While the solar power supply system works without water, oil, steam, fuel, as long as there is light can generate electricity characteristics, is clean, non-polluting renewable energy, and easy to install and maintain, long service life, can be unattended, doubly popular, is the leader of new energy. In recent years, the application of solar energy is becoming more and more widespread around the world, especially in the field, solar power systems are gradually replacing some traditional power supply equipment, is increasingly common.
Advantages of solar energy.
a, safe and reliable, no noise, no radiation, no need to consume fuel, no mechanical rotating parts, low failure rate and long life.
b, environmentally friendly and beautiful, not limited by geographical location, short construction period, size at will, easy to disassemble, easy to move.
c, ready to use, disassembly and damage costs are low, can be easily combined with the building, no need to pre-bury high transmission lines, can avoid the damage to vegetation and the environment and engineering costs when laying cables over long distances.
d, stable voltage, high quality power supply, widely used in a variety of power equipment, very suitable for the countryside, farms, hills, islands, highways and other remote places with electricity, but also very good emergency backup power.
e, easy maintenance, service life of up to 20 years or more, a variety of charging methods complement each other, solar power and utility power can be charged to the system.
f. Solar power generation is inexhaustible compared to traditional power generation, and is the most resourceful renewable energy.
g. Solar power generation does not cause air pollution or loss of ecological balance, and is a green renewable energy source.
h. Solar power generation system is easy to install, easy to maintain, and cost-effective.
3、Why use solar power for outdoor remote monitoring?
In mechanical and electrical projects, the installation of equipment and wiring simple and complex, easy and difficult to maintain later is also a concern for many owners and contractors, solar power supply compared with traditional cable power supply, the former eliminates a lot of complex wiring, loading on the column to complete a simple installation: for the later maintenance, but also only the solar panels for cleaning, the battery for the necessary replacement.
Due to the whole monitoring system to deploy more cameras, involving a relatively long mileage, if the traditional direct burial cable power supply, taking into account the factors of voltage drop along the cable, must use a relatively thick copper-core cable, and the current domestic copper prices continue to rise, so obviously also increased the cost of many. If the solar power supply is used, the intermediate cable and its laying process is eliminated, which has a very good cost performance.
E.Solar Powered Systems
Solar wireless monitoring system mainly consists of three subsystems: solar power supply system, wireless video transmission system, and video monitoring system.
The solar power supply system is composed of solar modules, wind turbines, colloidal batteries, intelligent charge/discharge controllers, etc. Solar modules and wind turbines transform light energy into electrical energy, which is controlled by a scenery complementary intelligent controller to store the electrical energy in the battery (charging); when power supply is needed, turn on the controller switch to connect the load and provide the electrical energy in the battery to the load (discharging). The main function of the intelligent controller is to manage the charging and discharging of the battery. When the battery power supply is insufficient during the working time, the controller automatically cuts off the load power supply and protects the battery from over-discharging; when the battery is continuously charged, the controller protects the battery from over-charging.
The battery is the source of energy needed to maintain the system in the absence of sunshine, when the case of continuous cloudy and rainy days, the battery needs to have enough power to maintain the continuous work of the whole system, because of the high price of the solar gel battery, can not take into account the several long cloudy and rainy days in a year and increase the system battery configuration, so that the system in most of the time battery configuration are in a wasteful State, too much configuration battery results in a substantial increase in costs. Therefore, the solar-powered application system should be allowed to have a low probability of power shortage, and the battery independent power supply time is generally 4-10 days.
Wireless video transmission subsystem is composed of digital bridge, 4G wireless network, COFDM, etc.
Video surveillance subsystem is composed of cameras, terminal video management equipment (such as digital hard disk recorders) and so on. According to the need to add other auxiliary functions such as: front-end sound pickup, front-end speakers, front-end video, front-end sensing, video analysis, wireless broadcasting, motion detection, wireless signal relay station, etc.
The solar control system has many advantages: environmental protection and energy saving, no need to dig a trench or set up a power rack, no need for a large amount of wire, no need for transmission and substation equipment, short construction period, no consumption of utility power and no electricity costs, no geographical location restrictions, low maintenance costs, low voltage without the risk of electric shock and flexible movement.
Currently there are three types of data transmission methods suitable for solar monitoring.
One is a microwave network based on wireless bridges.
The second is based on 3G/4G networks of wireless platform operators;
Third, the wired transmission can be selected according to the actual situation combined with the need.
In general, wireless monitoring, suitable for areas without or less shade.
Solar video surveillance power supply system working principle.
a. When the sunlight is strong, the current generated by the solar photovoltaic modules converges to the controller, which supplies power for monitoring. Solar photovoltaic modules through the controller to power the video surveillance components, while more than the energy stored in the energy storage system.
b, when the sun is weak, solar energy storage unit board power generation can not meet the video surveillance needs of energy, the load in addition to obtaining energy from the solar energy storage unit board, energy storage system while in a state of discharge to meet the video surveillance stable operation.
c, when to the night, cloudy days and other poor sunlight conditions, turned by the energy storage system to video surveillance power supply.
Significant advantages of solar video surveillance system:
1、Determine the capacity of solar power generation according to the specific solar resources and load power consumption of the region.
2、Ensure continuous and stable power supply for all monitoring equipment.
3, wireless monitoring equipment to consider all-day power supply, the maximum daily power supply time: 24 hours.
4、Economic, practical, reliable and safe.
5、Long continuous use of cloudy and rainy days (can be designed according to the actual situation of continuous power supply days).
6、Can provide DC12V 24V or AC220 power supply at the same time.
7、Using the latest deep cycle lead-acid maintenance-free waterproof battery as energy storage equipment, the working temperature is between -40℃~+60℃, with high life and high performance.
8、Automatic control of equipment operation, can realize unattended and wireless remote monitoring.
9, the use of monitoring special control, inverter system, no interference with the monitoring of the normal transceiver signal, simple and convenient management and maintenance, and very low operating costs.
10, an investment, long-term benefits.
The advantages of this solar-powered wireless communication and video surveillance system are as follows.
1, the use of solar energy independent power supply, wireless transmission, completely wireless.
2, flexible components, compact, easy to install and networking.
3、 AC and DC power supply mode, to meet the needs of a variety of load power.
4、 Good security, low maintenance cost and low cost.
Solar video monitoring power supply system (solar photovoltaic bracket on pole installation scenario) consists of: vertical pole, cantilever, lightning rod, solar bracket, solar photovoltaic modules, sink box (optional), electric control cabinet (including controller, DC voltage regulator module, DC to DC module), awning, energy storage system, video monitoring (cameras, etc.), wireless network bridge.
